Carpet is one of the most important handicrafts and exports of Iran. In such a way that it is known as a symbol and in terms of quality, beauty and type of texture, it is approved by everyone in the world. It is also one of the most unique handmade products. This art has its roots in the past and history of even the Sassanids, Achaemenids and several hundred years BC. This art has been mentioned in old historical books. Iranian carpet has more necessity than other carpets of other countries and it is due to the use of more color variety and also the quality materials used in the carpet. It has beautiful designs and delicate texture. All these factors have made the Iranian carpet one of the best and most valuable carpets among its competitors. in the article The history of Iranian carpets is examined in detail in this issue
Important historical handmade carpets of Iran
Pazyryk carpet:This carpet is 2500 years old and the size of this historical carpet is 210 by 183 centimeters. It also has about 3600 knots.
Baharestan carpet:This carpet is very beautiful and is known as Bahar Khosrow. The reason for this naming goes back to its historical period which is the period of Khosrow Parviz.
Safavid handmade rugs:Another of these unique rugs, which shows the art and creativity in this historical period.
Toranj Manzarcarpet is one of the most popular and very beautiful Iranian carpets. This carpet is made of silk with a red background and beautiful designs.
Materials used in handmade carpets
There are many factors that make Iranian carpets famous and popular, including the materials used in them. This material is very good and its quality is excellent. Iranian carpet is either made of cotton wool or woven from silk yarn. Also, Iranian carpet has different types, each of which has a significant effect on its value. Iranian carpet in terms of material, texture, size, design and elegance. , The location of each tissue is divided into different categories. The types are mentioned and explained below. in the article Role in Iranian carpetYou can get acquainted with this important topic.
Types of Iranian carpets in terms of material
Ganzseidenteppiche: Ganzseidenteppiche bestehen aus Seide.
Silk flowers: In this type of carpet, its fringe and flowers use silk thread.
Silk floor carpet: The background of this type of carpet is silk.
Perch: This type of carpet is such that its background is composed of thick and thin fabric and has a pattern and flowers and fluffy plants.
Zarbaft: This type of carpet has prominent flowers and gold and silver are used in it. For a complete study of this subject, refer to the article on gold-textured and expensive carpets.
Badge jewelry: A decorated carpet is a type of carpet in which precious jewelry is used. For a complete study of this subject, refer to the article on theirjewelry carpet.
Types of Iranian carpets in terms of texture
Iranian handmade carpets have different types of textures and it is due to the type of carpet weaving. This texture variation is divided into 3 categories, which we describe below.
Full roll: The carpet is a full roll that has deep grooves behind the carpet. Also, the knot arch behind the carpet is 90 degrees. It has a strong texture and the threads of this type of texture are close together.
Roll: Roll Roll is a rug in which the threads are spaced apart. This type of carpet is woven in a wicker way. And this means that the warp is turned upside down in each ridge, and also the type of tissue is seen one in between.
Half roll: Half roll carpet is a carpet that the arch of the knot created behind the carpet is 45 degrees.
Types of Iranian carpets in terms of size
One of the characteristics of carpet is that it is woven in different sizes and has various applications. This variety is according to the type of need as well as the environment and space. The most famous sizes of Iranian handmade carpets are 6 meters, 9 meters, 12 meters and 24 meters, the lengths of the sides of these sizes are 3.2 meters, 3.5 meters 2.5 meters, 4.3 meters, 4.6 meters.
Carpet: Carpet is a carpet that is 3 × 2 meters, 3 × 4 meters, 6 × 4 meters in size.
Rug: As its name suggests, rug is a type of carpet that is less than 4 square meters in size. Also, its size is 1.20 ۲ 2.40 and 1.5. 2.5.
Head: Head is a type of carpet that is less than the width of the carpet but its length is more than 4 meters. Head sizes are 3.5 meters, 3.7 meters and 3.2 meters.
Side: The side is called a carpet that has a small width, ie from 1.70 to 0.5 meters and a length of 3-10 meters. And is mostly used for corridors and stairs.
Zareh and a half and Zareh Chark: It is a type of carpet that has the dimensions of 1.5 ۴ 1.04 and 1.60 ۱ 1.60 meters. This type of carpet is called Zareh and a half because of its size. Next, we must say that if the size of the woven carpet is 30.80 0.80 meters, this type of carpet is called Zar and Charak.
Back: The back is a type of rug that is 90 x 60 cm in size. And that means it is less than 1 meter. As the name implies, it is used for backs in homes.
Back: The back is a type of rug that is 90 x 60 cm in size. And that means it is less than 1 meter. As the name implies, it is used for backs in homes.
Types of Iranian carpets in terms of elegance
One of the important factors in choosing a carpet and its durability is the elegance and the type of carpet count. This factor determines the price and quality of the carpet.
Coarse weaving carpet: This type of carpet is a carpet that has a counting range of 15 to 30 rows. This means that 15 to 30 knots are tied every 7 cm.
Semi-fine and fine-weaved carpet: If the number of carpets is 30 to 45, it is called semi-fine, and also if it is from 45 to 60 rows and above, it is called fine weaving.
Premium carpet: This type of carpet is from 90 ridges upwards. They have a higher price due to having a higher ridge.
Arten von iranischen Teppichen in Bezug auf die Texturlage
Iranian hand-woven carpets are divided into several general categories based on the location of the weave:
Central plateau carpets of Iran; (Qom, Kashan, Isfahan, Yazd and Kerman)
Zagros carpets; (Markazi, Hamedan, Lorestan, Ilam and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari)
Nomadic carpets; Carpets (Lori and Bakhtiari, Shahsoon Qashqai and Afshari)
Sistani and Baluchi carpets
Carpets of Central Iran, carpets (Tehran, Tafresh, Taleghan and Semnan)
Carpets of northern Iran
Khorasan carpets and Mashhad carpets
Turkish carpets; (Provinces of West and East Azerbaijan, Ardabil, Zanjan)
Kurdish carpets; (Kurdistan, Kermanshah and West Azerbaijan)
Node
Weaving a quality, beautiful and durable carpet is the result of knitting. It is a knot, thread or pile that sits together. The knot has names such as root, humiliation, twist, ilmah, etc. Also, the knot has features such as: knot diameter, knot arch, knot direction, knot color, etc. Also, in carpet weaving, the more or more knots there are, the better its quality is. To study and have more information about knots, refer to the article ontypes of knots in Iranian carpets.
Node types:
1- Turkish knot
2- Persian knot
3. Symmetric node
4. Asymmetric node
5. Art knot
6. Fake knot
Steps of weaving handmade carpets
Handmade carpets have many stages. The cases are mentioned below. For a comprehensive study of this subject, refer to the article on carpet texture.
1- Preparing a map and a desired plan
2- Preparing carpet weaving tools
3- Preparing yarn, dye and yarn
4. Bullets, threads and dyes
5. Carpet maker
6- Setting up a carpet hanger
7- Carpet blacking
8. Squatting
9-Installing belt wood and huff wood on the work
10- Installing the shoulder
11-Chain weaving
12-kilim weaving
13-Carpet weaving, thick weaving and thin weaving in each ridge
14- Turning the strands after weaving one side
15. Tighten the hinges in several steps
16-pulling down the woven carpet
17-Payment
18-Heading
19. Two knots
20-Initial washing of carpets
Tips for buying handmade carpets
To buy handmade carpets, you should pay attention to the following points:
Type and number of nodes: The type and number of nodes is one of the important factors that should be considered. The more nodes, the better.
Handmade carpet material: eyes or silk or a combination of both
Fiber color: The fibers used in the carpet should be dyed with natural colors.
The sloping edge of the hand-woven carpet: This is due to the fact that the distance between the warp yarns on the crook is not the same, the warp yarns are loose, the distance between the warp yarns on the top and bottom is not the same, the weft is thick and more or less than usual. The fabric is stretched thickly.
Striped: Striped handmade rugs are caused by irregular pounding of fabrics, different raw materials, splitting of the fabric and direct sunlight on a part of the woven rug.
Choice of design and plan: It can be said that the more patterned, painted and patterned the carpet is, the more complex and delicate the carpet will be.
Conclusion
We Iranians have been using carpets at home for a long time, and this product is of great value to us in terms of material and art of being ancient. Today, handmade carpets also use different background colors and various colors. You have to be very careful to buy the carpet you want and in addition to beauty, pay attention to the quality and type of texture and .. it. In Golden Mart, you can choose the carpet you want and be sure of its quality, durability and originality.